BASIC FEATURES OF INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

Town Planning 

•The most striking element of Harappan civilization is its town-arranging and sterilization. 

•Harappan urban communities like Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Kalibangan, Dholavira, and Surkotada, were partitioned into two sections - a strengthened settlement on the high hills called 'strongholds' and the primary local locations called 'lower town'. 'Fortification' was more modest in the region than the 'lower town' and situated toward the west of the urban communities.

 •Houses were worked of Kiln-consumed blocks. At Lothal and Kalibanga private houses were made of sun-dried blocks.

 •The channels, wells, washing stages were made of Kiln-consumed blocks. 

•Most of the houses encapsulated wells and a seepage framework conveyed the wastewater to the primary underground channel of the road. The covered channels had drench pits and sewer vents for clearing. 

•The courses of action for road lighting were accessible for individuals. 

•The central avenues ran from North to South differed from 9 ft to 34 ft in width. 

•Municipal authority controlled the advancement of the city. 

•The roads ran in straight lines crossing each other at right points. Houses remained on the two sides of the roads. The road and paths were not cleared however a popular road called 'The primary road' of Mohenjodaro was surfaced with broken blocks and potsherds.

 •Harappa and Mohenjodaro have assembled altogether of consumed blocks. Every one of the blocks was proportional estimating 26 × 12.5 × 5.5 cm. Huge blocks (51 cm) were utilized to cover channels. The blocks were made of Alluvial soil. Wedge-formed blocks were utilized in the coating of wells. Little blocks were utilized for making the washroom asphalts watertight. L-formed blocks were liked for corners. 

•The structures (staying house, bigger structures, and public showers, storage facilities, and so on) were generally plain without mortars. At Kalibanga, decorative blocks were utilized on the floor of a house. The ground floor of a little house was estimated at 8 × 9 meters and the enormous one was twofold its size. 

•Some of the houses were twofold storeyed. Wooden bars were utilized in making the rooftops. The rooftops were made of reed matting covered with thick covering mud. A couple of flights of stairs have been found. Wooden flight of stairs with high thin advances (38 cm highs, 13 cm wide) were utilized when all is said in done. The rooftops were level and encased by a railing. 

•Gutters of stoneware (found at Chahundaro) were made for depleting the water. The passageway to the house was produced using the roadside. 

•The open court was the fundamental component of house arranging. The yard (cleared with blocks) was laid level and encircled by chambers. Entryways and windows opened into it. Entryways were set at the finishes of the dividers, not in the center and external dividers from the side of the road had no windows. 

•Perforated grids were utilized as windows or ventilators. Houses had flights of stairs made of strong brickwork. In certain structures, the flights of stairs prompted the upper stories which contained the shower and the living and resting condos. 

•An normal house had other than kitchen and shower, four to six parlors. Some huge houses had close around thirty rooms. The kitchen was little and fuel was put on a high stage. 

• Cooking was done in the yards in the open. Now and again an opening in the divider was made between the kitchen and the bigger space for making a 'serving hatch. The wastewater ran into the earth through an earthenware vessel with an opening sunken in the kitchen.

 • Every house had its restroom in the city. 

• Latrine found between the restroom and the road. The restroom had block asphalt inclining towards one corner. Earthenware scratches were utilized to eliminate thickened fingernail skin.

 • From Mohenjodaro enormous khans (hotels), stone houses and watchtowers have been uncovered. This is a broad structure on the West of the stupa estimating 69 × 23.5 meters. It was a clerical enterprise containing the Great Bath. An entire complex is a solitary unit which is named the 'University Building'. Around then washing was a custom and the Great Bath (12 × 7 meters) made of consumed block, was utilized distinctly on stately events. It has flights of stairs on the two sides. Underneath the flights of stairs is a wide stage (01 m wide, 41 cm high). It was a protected washing place for youngsters. There are eight restrooms on the North of the Great Bath. This structure was for ministers.

 • There was a huge oval well that provided water. A corridor (8 meters square) has been found on the South of the stupa. It was utilized for some strict gatherings. John Marshall contrasts it and a Buddhist stone cut-sanctuary while Mackay considers it a huge market lobby with lines of lasting slows down along the walkways. Four well-paved passageways are isolated by lines of columns. At Harappa, a structure has been found estimating 50 × 40 meters with a focal entry of 07 meters wide. It was a storage facility for grain. 

• Near the 'Principal road' there was a palatial structure with two roomy yards, worker quarters, and storerooms. It was either a sanctuary or the home of the Governor. 

• The whole city was secured by a 'city divider'. A little post has been exposed in the greater part of the significant urban areas. 

• Like Babylonia and Egypt, Harappans didn't utilize any establishment stores. For this nothing is thought about the services related to the lying of establishment that can assist the backhoe with thinking about the historical backdrop of the structure. 

• The Harappan strongholds were not intended to protect the municipality from solid assaults by foes. It was built for the assurance against floods, looters, and dairy cattle bandits. It was additionally a sign of social authority over the space they directed.

 • The Harappan towns were incorporated by dividers with passages, the basic section focuses on the town. A portion of the e ntryways had joined watchman rooms.